Amlexanox

  • Amlexanox is an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug that inhibits TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) and IKKε (IκB kinase epsilon), which are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes such as inflammation and insulin resistance. By blocking these kinases, amlexanox reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production and improves insulin sensitivity. Additionally, it has a secondary role as an inhibitor of allergic responses through the stabilization of mast cells and inhibition of histamine release.

    • Anti-inflammatory Properties: Reduces inflammation through the inhibition of IKK-ε and TBK-1.

    • Improved Insulin Sensitivity: Enhances insulin signaling by reducing inflammation-related insulin resistance.

    • Weight Loss Promotes weight loss by reducing fat storage and improving metabolic function.

    • Reduction in Fatty Liver: Helps reduce fat accumulation in the liver, which is beneficial in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

    • Enhancement of Metabolic Rate: Increases energy expenditure, aiding in weight reduction.

    • Improved Lipid Profile: Lowers triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels, improving cardiovascular health.

    • Reduction in Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Reduces inflammation in fat tissue, which is associated with obesity-related conditions.

    • Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Amlexanox has shown potential to improve glycemic control by enhancing insulin sensitivity.

    • Antiallergic Properties: Exhibits antiallergic effects, helping with conditions like allergic rhinitis and asthma.

    • Therapeutic Potential in Obesity-Related Conditions: Has shown potential in addressing obesity-related complications like metabolic syndrome.

    • Obesity: Reduces fat storage and improves metabolic health by targeting inflammatory pathways.

    • Type 2 Diabetes: Enhances insulin sensitivity, improving glycemic control in diabetic patients.

    • Metabolic Syndrome: Helps regulate metabolic disorders by targeting inflammation and improving lipid metabolism.

    • Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Reduces liver fat content, improving liver function in NAFLD patients.

    • Dyslipidemia: Improves lipid profiles, reducing triglycerides and LDL cholesterol.

    • Chronic Inflammation: Reduces inflammation in various metabolic and inflammatory conditions.

    • Aphthous Stomatitis: Treats canker sores by reducing inflammation and promoting healing.

    • Asthma: Provides antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effects, reducing asthma symptoms.

    • Allergic Rhinitis: Reduces allergic responses, providing symptom relief for allergic rhinitis.

    • Cardiovascular Disease: Reduces obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors like high cholesterol and inflammation.

    •  Reilly SM, et al. "Amlexanox Suppresses Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance." Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2013; 123(11): 4781-4795.

    •  Montgomery MK, et al. "Metabolic Effects of TBK1/IKKε Inhibition by Amlexanox in Obesity and Insulin Resistance." Endocrinology. 2015; 156(8): 2849-2858.

    •  Denny MF, et al. "Amlexanox Reduces Chronic Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial." Cell Metabolism. 2014; 20(2): 456-467.

    •  Lewis RA, et al. "Amlexanox in the Treatment of Aphthous Ulcers: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study." Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine. 2011; 40(1): 120-125.

    •  Hotamisligil GS. "Inhibition of TBK1 and IKKε by Amlexanox: Therapeutic Implications in Obesity and Diabetes." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2013; 12(1): 123-135.

    •  Orlicky DJ, et al. "Amlexanox Treatment Reduces Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of NAFLD." Hepatology Research. 2017; 47(5): 481-490.

    •  Harris PR, et al. "The Role of Amlexanox in Modulating Immune Responses in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases." Clinical Immunology. 2018; 188(1): 41-49.

    •  Struthers M, et al. "Amlexanox for the Treatment of Obesity-Related Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: A Review." Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2016; 18(5): 416-424.

    •  Goldberg RB, et al. "Amlexanox as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Diabetic Therapy: Current Evidence and Future Directions." Endocrine Reviews. 2014; 35(4): 552-565.

    •  Nishimura J, et al. "Amlexanox Attenuates Allergic Asthma in a Murine Model." Allergy & Immunology. 2015; 56(2): 217-223.