P21

  • P21 is a synthetic peptide derived from the C-terminal end of the activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). It acts as a neuroprotective and neurogenic agent by promoting the growth and survival of neurons and protecting them from oxidative stress and damage. P21 enhances synaptic plasticity, which is crucial for learning, memory, and cognitive function. It is believed to stimulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and support neurogenesis, making it potentially useful in neurodegenerative conditions and cognitive enhancement.

    • Enhances neurogenesis, promoting the formation of new neurons.

    • Improves cognitive function and memory by supporting synaptic plasticity.

    • Provides neuroprotective effects, reducing brain damage from trauma or degenerative diseases.

    • Reduces cognitive decline in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

    • Promotes the repair of damaged neural circuits.

    • Enhances learning and memory retention.

    • Reduces oxidative stress in the brain, protecting neurons from damage.

    • May have mood-enhancing effects, reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.

    • Improves recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

    • No significant side effects or toxicity reported in studies so far.

    • Alzheimer’s Disease: Slows cognitive decline and enhances memory retention.

    • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Promotes recovery and neural repair.

    • Stroke Recovery: Assists in the regeneration of neurons and cognitive recovery post-stroke.

    • Neurodegenerative Diseases: Supports cognitive function in conditions like Parkinson's and Huntington's.

    • Cognitive Decline: Enhances cognitive function in aging populations.

    • Depression: May reduce symptoms of depression through neuroprotective mechanisms.

    • Learning Disabilities: Improves learning ability by enhancing neurogenesis.

    • Post-Surgical Recovery: Enhances neural recovery following brain surgery.

    • Anxiety Disorders: May reduce symptoms of anxiety through neuroprotection.

    • Brain Damage from Oxidative Stress: Reduces oxidative stress-related brain damage.

    • Gozes, I., et al. (2015). Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) and its role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 56(3), 270-280.

    • Bassan, M., et al. (2016). P21 peptide: Enhancing memory and neuroprotection in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10, 456.

    • Malishkevich, A., et al. (2017). The role of P21 in promoting synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 95(4), 673-680.

    • Zemlyak, I., et al. (2018). P21 peptide in traumatic brain injury: Neuroprotective mechanisms and cognitive recovery. Brain Injury, 32(5), 635-644.

    • Ben-Hur, T., et al. (2019). P21 and BDNF modulation: A potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropharmacology, 144, 94-105.

    • Gozes, I., et al. (2020). The neuroprotective peptide P21 in aging and cognitive decline. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 108.

    • Harel, R., et al. (2020). P21 for enhancing memory and cognition: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 4(3), 213-225.

    • Levit, N., et al. (2021). P21 and its potential role in stroke recovery: Enhancing cognitive function. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 30(1), 105418.

    • Izsak, J., et al. (2019). P21 as a nootropic agent: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. Cognitive Neuroscience, 7(3-4), 134-148.

    • . Malishkevich, A., et al. (2021). P21’s role in neuroprotection and cognitive health: A review of clinical applications. Neurotherapeutics, 18(2), 342-353.