Leuphasyl is a synthetic pentapeptide that mimics the natural mechanism of enkephalins, a family of neuropeptides. It works by modulating nerve signals to facial muscles, reducing the contraction of these muscles. This neuromodulatory action helps to smooth expression lines, particularly in areas prone to repetitive facial movements, such as the forehead and around the eyes. By decreasing muscle contractions, Leuphasyl helps to reduce the appearance of dynamic wrinkles and fine lines, offering a non-invasive alternative to treatments like Botox.

• Reduces Hyperpigmentation: Effectively lightens dark spots, melasma, and uneven skin tone, promoting a more even complexion.

• Non-Irritating: Well-tolerated by most skin types, with minimal irritation compared to other depigmenting agents like hydroquinone.

• Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Reduces inflammation in the skin, which can help improve conditions like rosacea or post-acne pigmentation.

• Safe for Long-Term Use: Can be safely used over extended periods for hyperpigmentation treatment and maintenance.

• Improves Skin Brightness: Enhances skin radiance and helps to achieve a more youthful, glowing appearance.

• Can Be Combined with Other Therapies: Safe to use alongside other skin treatments such as laser therapy, microneedling, or retinoids for enhanced results.

• Minimizes Sun Damage: Helps reverse sun-induced pigmentation and prevents further darkening when used with sun protection.

• Well-Tolerated Topically and Orally: Minimal systemic side effects with oral use and minimal skin irritation with topical use.

• Safe for All Skin Types: Suitable for a wide range of skin types, including sensitive skin and darker skin tones.

• Prevents New Pigmentation: Inhibits the formation of new pigmentation, particularly in individuals prone to melasma and hyperpigmentation.

• Melasma: Reduces pigmentation associated with melasma by inhibiting melanocyte activation and promoting an even skin tone.

• Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Treats dark spots and uneven pigmentation caused by acne, injury, or inflammation.

• Sun-Induced Hyperpigmentation: Lightens sunspots and prevents further pigmentation in sun-damaged skin.

• Freckles: May help reduce the appearance of freckles and other pigmented spots.

• Rosacea: Reduces redness and hyperpigmentation associated with rosacea.

• Age Spots: Fades age spots and liver spots caused by sun exposure or aging.

• Erythema: Reduces redness and erythema post-laser treatment or chemical peels.

• Vascular Dyschromia: Treats pigmentation disorders caused by vascular issues, such as port-wine stains.

• Skin Brightening: Enhances overall skin radiance and reduces dullness by promoting a more uniform skin tone.

• Cosmetic Skin Rejuvenation: Used in combination with other treatments like microneedling or laser therapy to improve overall skin appearance.

• Kandhari, R., et al. (2018). Role of tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma: A clinical review. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 11(8), 46-53.

• Chauhan, P., et al. (2019). Tranexamic acid as an emerging treatment for hyperpigmentation: Efficacy, safety, and mechanisms. Dermatologic Therapy, 32(2), e12715.

• Yoon, J. S., et al. (2020). The role of oral tranexamic acid in treating melasma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Dermatology, 59(6), 751-757.

• Ebrahimi, B., & Naeini, F. F. (2021). A comparative study of topical versus oral tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(7), 1994-2001.

• Zhong, S., et al. (2020). Safety and efficacy of oral tranexamic acid in treating melasma: A meta-analysis. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 45(3), 351-358.

• Wu, S., et al. (2019). Topical tranexamic acid for melasma: Efficacy and safety in comparison with hydroquinone. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 21(4), 200-205.

• Ambika, H., et al. (2020). The use of tranexamic acid in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: Clinical outcomes and safety. Pigmentary Disorders, 7(2), 134-141.

• Adalatkhah, H., et al. (2018). The use of oral tranexamic acid for treating hyperpigmentation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 79(3), 492-499.

• Steinert, J., & Dominguez, R. (2020). Evaluation of injectable tranexamic acid in mesotherapy for melasma. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 40(4), 402-410.

• Haider, M., & Soliman, M. (2021). Advances in depigmenting treatments: The role of tranexamic acid. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 43(1), 67-74.